April as Turning Points: Key Events in TAM’s Early Years
April v TAM-u: od vojnih let do zadnjih mesecev pred stečajem
April 1942
Do začetka aprila 1942 so bili na Teznu dokončani prvi trije proizvodni objekti. Gradili so vojni ujetniki in Mariborčani. Sočasno z gradnjo so usposabljali bodoče delavce in strokovne kadre.
April 1943
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aprila 1943 se je začela redna proizvodnja delov letalskih motorjev. Tezenski industrijski kompleks je bil pomemben del nemške vojne proizvodnje.
April po vojni
19. april 1962
V TAM-u so potekale volitve v delavski svet. Izvolili so 45 članov, glasovalo pa je 4473 zaposlenih. Do osme ure zjutraj je glasovalo že 71 odstotkov volivcev.
Dogodek je fotografiral Dragiša Modrinjak, fotograf časnika Večer. Njegova fotografija volitev v delavski svet je danes ohranjena v digitalni zbirki.
April 1968
Aprilski proizvodni rezultati so bili tokrat zelo dobri. Za april je bil načrt vskladiščenja 462 vozil, dejansko pa so jih vskladiščili 474, kar je pomenilo 102,59 odstotka plana. Plan montaže je znašal 470 vozil, dokončali pa so 468, oziroma 99,57 odstotka plana.
V prvih štirih mesecih je bil kumulativni plan vskladiščenja 1723 vozil, dejansko pa jih je bilo vskladiščenih 1850. Če so prišteli še 50 vozil, ki so bila ob koncu aprila v nedokončani proizvodnji, je bilo v prvih štirih mesecih dokončanih 1900 vozil, kar je predstavljalo 110,27 odstotka proizvodnega plana.
Aprila so prodali 462 vozil, natanko 100 odstotkov mesečnega plana. V prvih štirih mesecih pa 1918 vozil.
Hkrati so opozarjali na težave pri dobavi kooperantskih delov. Med kritičnimi deli so bili predvsem motorji za TAM 2000, posamezne pozicije kmetijskih strojev, zaboji za prekucnike, ležaji zadnje osi za TAM 2000 ter nekateri deli za izvozna vozila.
Stanovanjska komisija je odobrila tudi predlog za 540.000 dinarjev (današnja primerljiva vrednost: okoli 380.000 EUR) posojil za individualno gradnjo.
V istem zapisu najdemo tudi čisto vsakdanji podatek: restavracija TAM je morala zaradi nove pogodbe, po kateri je sama prevzela stroške investicijskega vzdrževanja, zvišati cene. Pivo je bilo dražje za 10 par, žemljica za 5 par, pecivo pa za 10 par.
April 1969
Center za izobrazbo je pripravljal upravno-administrativno šolo za odrasle, podjetje pa je tudi tisto leto sprejemalo dijake in študente na počitniško prakso.
April 1970
April 1970 je bil zelo bogat z zanimivimi zapisi.
15. aprila je TAM obiskal generalni direktor podjetja Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz, dr. Karl Hainz Sonne, s sodelavci. Sprejeli so ga generalni direktor TAM-a Stojan Perhavc, direktor proizvodnega sektorja Zvonko Kramer in direktor proizvodnega sektorja Jože Ciglenečki. Pogovarjali so se o možnostih nadaljnjega sodelovanja med obema tovarnama.
V istem času so v TAM-u obravnavali tudi konkretne tehnične izboljšave. Zvonko Toplak je predlagal opustitev puš in podložk pri zadnji osi vozila TAM 2000 oziroma TAM 2001. Franc Perc je predlagal opustitev dveh delov ventilatorja in skrajšanje navoja na nastavku jeklene cevi. Drago Balog je prav tako predlagal tehnično izboljšavo. Za izboljšave so bile izplačane nagrade.
Proizvodnja aprila pa je zaostajala za načrtom. Izdelali so 515 vozil, načrt pa je predvideval 610. Mesečni plan je bil tako dosežen 84,42-odstotno. V montaži so dosegli povprečno 20,6 vozila in šasij na dan. V prvih štirih mesecih so izdelali 2013 vozil, kar je bilo 437 manj od plana, prodali pa so 1669 vozil.
Tudi izvoz je zaostal. Aprilski plan je znašal 460.000 dolarjev (današnja primerljiva vrednost: okoli 3,4 milijona EUR), naročil je bilo za 319.744 dolarjev (današnja primerljiva vrednost: okoli 2,35 milijona EUR), dejansko pa so izvozili za 252.272 dolarjev (današnja primerljiva vrednost: okoli 1,85 milijona EUR). Plan je bil dosežen 55-odstotno, v prvih štirih mesecih pa je vrednost izvoza znašala 1.235.658 dolarjev (današnja primerljiva vrednost: okoli 9,1 milijona EUR). Za maj so imeli že naročil za 652.275 dolarjev (današnja primerljiva vrednost: okoli 4,8 milijona EUR), ob mesečnem izvoznem planu 535.000 dolarjev (današnja primerljiva vrednost: okoli 3,9 milijona EUR).
Zanimiv je tudi zapis o rezervnih delih. V prvih treh mesecih je bil plan rezervnih delov dosežen 91,67-odstotno, plan rezervnih motorjev 98,85-odstotno, pri agregatnih motorjih pa le 23,08-odstotno.
Sindikat je za letovanje socialno šibkejših članov kolektiva namenil 60.000 dinarjev (današnja primerljiva vrednost: okoli 38.000 EUR). Brezplačno oziroma z delnim samoprispevkom naj bi letovalo okoli 270 zaposlenih in njihovih svojcev, predvsem iz družin, kjer mesečni dohodek na družinskega člana ni presegal 300 dinarjev (današnja primerljiva vrednost: okoli 190 EUR). Večina naj bi letovala v Omišlju in Pakoštanih. Sindikat je posebej pomagal tudi nekaterim otrokom socialno šibkih članov.
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aprila je upravni odbor TAM-a sklenil tudi, da podjetje Slovenskemu narodnemu gledališču Maribor nameni 10.000 dinarjev (današnja primerljiva vrednost: okoli 6.300 EUR) finančne pomoči. SNG Maribor je v zameno za rekreacijsko službo TAM-a pripravilo brezplačno gledališko predstavo.
Na dnevnem redu delavskega sveta so bili med drugim investicijski plan za leto 1970, zdravstveno-tehnična preventiva ter ugovori in vloge delavcev.
TAM je v tem času od podjetja Jugoimport Beograd prejel tudi zlato plaketo za dolgoletno sodelovanje.
April 1971
Zapis o 60 šoferjih-rekorderjih. V prvih treh mesecih leta 1971 so nagradili voznike, ki so s TAM-ovimi vozili prevozili 200.000 kilometrov ali več brez generalnega popravila. Med vozili, s katerimi so dosegli te rezultate, so bili: TAM 4500, TAM 4500 K, TAM 4500 HS, TAM 5000, TAM 5500, A-3000, AS-3500 in TAM 2000.
Aprila so na beograjskem sejmu motorjev in motornih vozil nagradili še 15 šoferjev iz Srbije, ki so s TAM-ovimi vozili prevozili najmanj 200.000 kilometrov brez generalnega popravila. Med njimi sta bila dva voznika s po 400.000 kilometri brez generalnega popravila. Prejeli so ročne ure znamke Darwil, diplome in značke.
April 1980, 1981, 1982 in 1985
Iz TAM-ovega mladinskega in delovnega okolja je ostal nenavaden muzejski predmet – kovinska štafetna palica, ki so jo izdelali mladinci TAM-ove TOZD Orodjarna.
Na njej so zapisani naslednji datumi in kraji:
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15. april 1980 – TAM-TOZD Orodjarna
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22. april 1980 – Osankarica, TAM-TOZD Orodjarna
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20. april 1981 – TAM-TOZD Orodjarna
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19. april 1982 – Dom učencev elektrotehniške in srednje šole računalniške usmeritve
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15. april 1985 – Zgornja Kungota
Na vrhu palice je stilizirani grb Maribora, izdelali pa so jo mladinci TAM-ove orodjarne. Danes je predmet ohranjen v muzejski zbirki.
April at TAM: From the War Years to the Final Months Before Bankruptcy
April 1942
By the beginning of April 1942, the first three production buildings had been completed at Tezno. Prisoners of war and residents of Maribor took part in the construction. At the same time, future workers and skilled personnel were being trained.
April 1943
On 13 April 1943, regular production of aircraft engine components began. The Tezno industrial complex was an important part of German wartime production.
April after the War
19 April 1962
Elections to TAM’s Workers’ Council were held. Forty-five members were elected, with 4,473 employees casting their votes. By eight o’clock in the morning, 71 percent of eligible voters had already voted.
The event was photographed by Dragiša Modrinjak, a photographer for the Večer newspaper. His photograph of the Workers’ Council elections is preserved today in the digital collection.
April 1968
Production results in April were very good. The plan for vehicles put into storage for April was 462, while 474 were actually stored, representing 102.59 percent of the target. The assembly plan called for 470 vehicles, of which 468 were completed, or 99.57 percent of the target.
In the first four months, the cumulative storage plan was 1,723 vehicles, while 1,850 were actually put into storage. If the additional 50 vehicles that were still in unfinished production at the end of April are included, a total of 1,900 vehicles had been completed in the first four months, representing 110.27 percent of the production plan.
In April, 462 vehicles were sold, exactly 100 percent of the monthly target. In the first four months, 1,918 vehicles were sold.
At the same time, the company was warning of problems with the supply of components from subcontractors. Critical items included engines for the TAM 2000, individual components for agricultural machinery, dump-truck bodies, rear-axle bearings for the TAM 2000, and certain parts for export vehicles.
The Housing Commission also approved a proposal for 540,000 dinars (equivalent value today: around EUR 380,000) in loans for individual home construction.
The same record also contains a completely everyday detail: the TAM restaurant had to raise its prices because, under a new agreement, it had taken over the costs of investment maintenance itself. Beer became 10 para more expensive, a bread roll by 5 para, and pastries by 10 para.
April 1969
The Education Centre was preparing an administrative and clerical school for adults, while the company was also accepting secondary-school and university students for holiday work placements that year.
April 1970
April 1970 was particularly rich in interesting records.
On 15 April, TAM was visited by Dr Karl Hainz Sonne, Managing Director of Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz, together with his colleagues. They were received by TAM General Director Stojan Perhavc, Production Sector Director Zvonko Kramer, and Production Sector Director Jože Ciglenečki. They discussed opportunities for further cooperation between the two factories.
At the same time, TAM was also considering specific technical improvements. Zvonko Toplak proposed eliminating bushings and washers on the rear axle of the TAM 2000 and TAM 2001 vehicles. Franc Perc proposed eliminating two fan components and shortening the thread on the fitting of the steel pipe. Drago Balog also proposed a technical improvement. Rewards were paid for the improvements.
Production in April, however, fell behind plan. A total of 515 vehicles were produced, compared with a planned 610. The monthly target was therefore achieved at 84.42 percent. In assembly, an average of 20.6 vehicles and chassis were completed per day. In the first four months, 2,013 vehicles were produced, 437 fewer than planned, while 1,669 vehicles were sold.
Exports also fell short of target. The April export plan amounted to USD 460,000 (equivalent value today: around EUR 3.4 million). Orders amounted to USD 319,744 (equivalent value today: around EUR 2.35 million), while actual exports amounted to USD 252,272 (equivalent value today: around EUR 1.85 million). The plan was achieved at 55 percent. In the first four months, the value of exports amounted to USD 1,235,658 (equivalent value today: around EUR 9.1 million). By May, orders worth USD 652,275 (equivalent value today: around EUR 4.8 million) had already been secured, against a monthly export target of USD 535,000 (equivalent value today: around EUR 3.9 million).
There is also an interesting record concerning spare parts. In the first three months, the spare-parts target was achieved at 91.67 percent, the target for replacement engines at 98.85 percent, while the target for complete engine assemblies was achieved at only 23.08 percent.
The trade union allocated 60,000 dinars (equivalent value today: around EUR 38,000) for holidays for socially disadvantaged members of the workforce. Around 270 employees and their family members were expected to go on holiday free of charge or with a partial personal contribution, primarily from families where the monthly income per family member did not exceed 300 dinars (equivalent value today: around EUR 190). Most were expected to holiday in Omišalj and Pakoštane. The trade union also provided special assistance to several children of socially disadvantaged members.
On 15 April, TAM’s Management Board also decided to provide the Slovene National Theatre Maribor with 10,000 dinars (equivalent value today: around EUR 6,300) in financial assistance. In return for the use of TAM’s recreational facilities, the Slovene National Theatre Maribor arranged a free theatre performance.
The Workers’ Council agenda included, among other items, the 1970 investment plan, occupational health and technical safety measures, and workers’ complaints and applications.
At this time, TAM also received a gold plaque from Jugoimport Belgrade in recognition of its long-standing cooperation.
April 1971
A record tells the story of 60 record-breaking drivers. During the first three months of 1971, drivers were rewarded for covering 200,000 kilometres or more in TAM vehicles without a major overhaul. The vehicles with which they achieved these results included the TAM 4500, TAM 4500 K, TAM 4500 HS, TAM 5000, TAM 5500, A-3000, AS-3500, and TAM 2000.
In April, a further 15 drivers from Serbia were honoured at the Belgrade Motor and Motor Vehicle Fair for covering at least 200,000 kilometres in TAM vehicles without a major overhaul. Two of them had each covered 400,000 kilometres without a major overhaul. They received Darwil wristwatches, certificates, and badges.
April 1980, 1981, 1982 and 1985
An unusual museum object has survived from TAM’s youth and workplace environment – a metal relay baton made by young workers from TAM’s TOZD Orodjarna (Toolmaking Unit).
The following dates and locations are inscribed on it:
- 15 April 1980 – TAM-TOZD Orodjarna
- 22 April 1980 – Osankarica, TAM-TOZD Orodjarna
- 20 April 1981 – TAM-TOZD Orodjarna
- 19 April 1982 – Home for Students of the Electrotechnical and Computer-Oriented Secondary School
- 15 April 1985 – Zgornja Kungota
The top of the baton features a stylised coat of arms of Maribor. It was made by young workers from TAM’s toolmaking unit. Today, the object is preserved in the museum collection.